Us Constitution Research Paper - 1571 Words

Matt Chinn Professor Van Houweling Poli Sci 1 The Constitution Needs Some TLC When creating the United States Constitution, our beloved Framers sought to establish a workable, malleable government that would last generations. A strong federal government with three separate, distinct branches turned was most optimal, and thus the official government of the US was born. Through the years, America’s governmental structure, with each branch of government maintaining their boundaries and providing a system of check and balances for the others, thrived. However, questions arise as to whether or not this governmental institution has withstood the sands of time, as well as the trials and tribulations that come with the rise of political†¦show more content†¦More importantly, Federalist No. 51 gave assurance of three separate institutions that would govern vastly different matters, while still monitoring one another. Both of these systems allowed for a streamlined government that could potentially work with the American p eople. Looking ahead to the modern day, we now know that things may not always work seamlessly, but political authority ultimately works best when shared between the three branches of government. Even though the Framers intended for the separation of powers to completely blockade the ability to concentrate too much power in any one branch, many still claim it is not enough because the presence of political parties, special interest groups, and other organizations has corrupted the authority of the politicians themselves. According to a polling study conducted after the 2012 election, studies showed that â€Å"93 million did not cast ballots,† and that the percentage of voters was down by at least 5 percent (CNN.com). Going back to the 2016 election, statistics detailed that 16% of normally Democratic voters and 21% of normally Republican voters would not have voted in the election if the decision came down to Hillary Clinton or Donald Trump, in which it certainly did. Now, it is easy to blame the political parties for their flaws in uniting over a single candidateShow MoreRelatedNew Issue Of New Federalism1682 Words   |  7 Pagesthe method that follows will attempt to answer the following research questions: (1) Should the tenth amendment have a direct or indirect interpretation ? (2) It has been shown that the federal government will intervene state rights, but to what extent should and when the federal government intervene with state rights? (3) To what extent is the tenth amendment still relevant in the US modern world? Methodology: For this paper and research my approach is very simple. I have a very simple three stepRead MoreU.s. 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The changes have stemmed from the dynamics of exogenous and substantial influences of watershed up to the international system and also the effects and changes of endogenous inside the government of the United States. Outstanding assertionsRead MoreInterpreting the Constitution1645 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Ever since its inception, one of the High Court’s primary duties has been to interpret the Australian Constitution. There have been many methodologies used to do so and many schools of thought (have been adopted by different judges) in approximately the last hundred years, but so far there still isn’t one consistent and cohesive way of interpretation . In this essay three types of options or methodologies that have been more commonly used by High Court judges will be discussed. TheyRead MoreThe Principles Of Problem Based Learning1354 Words   |  6 Pagesare able to investigate real-life situations. Using these type methods with proactive and engrossing learning, students are stimulated to acquire more in-depth comprehension of the subjects in which they are studying. With a subject such as the US Constitution teachers are confronted with learning material that may have no social relevance to them at the present time, which translate into boredom for the students. Whe n students are bored or disconnected from the learning material are less likely toRead MoreEthnic And Of The United States935 Words   |  4 PagesThey placed laws in making the American constitution that protect all the people of America. However, these amendments were mostly protecting the White Americans which not approved to Native Americans, Asian Americans, Latin Americans, and African Americans. 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Good Topics to Write an Opinion Essay on for Kids at a Glance

Good Topics to Write an Opinion Essay on for Kids at a Glance Reading is essential if you wish to write. Citations and extracts from several sources have to be formatted properly. Essays ought to be poignant. Every essay should incorporate every honor or prize you've ever won. The Foolproof Good Topics to Write an Opinion Essay on for Kids Strategy You would slowly understand that you can do anything with the help of your abilities and talents. What makes it possible to keep up with your thoughts, especially once you have a lot of pages to write, you want to decide on the pace of the stream of ideas in your brain. Thus it helps us in making an excellent future. With a constructive and supportive learning environment, you are going to be able to encourage them to try out speaking and writing in English daily. It's about taking responsibility for the direction your life is likely to take. The Lord started to move in our hearts 5 years ago to find a sterilization reversal. Somebody visits the identical spot in the forest nightly for the last five months He (or she) always stays until dawn until he must find ready to visit get the job done. Straight individuals have an enormous pool of stories about straight folks to select from. A guy has a chance to devote the night with a childhood crush that has been dead for over twenty decades. When there is anything which you don't understand, see if there's a time once you can ask your teacher to explain it to you. There are lots of reasons why kids don't wish to write. Dutchies are extremely honest and prefer to inform you the bold truth (at least they think that it's true). You require a lot of thoughts and topics to write about in the event that you need to keep the content creature fed. Many folks write to communicate a notion. It's important to not forget that moderation is essential. Though it is possible to write nearly any sort of essay for virtually any topic, your professor may require a particular approach. While thousands of years of human storytelling has made it pretty difficult not to fall into no less than a few cliches in any story, you can prevent the huge ones. For some, it is a nonissue, and for others, it is a major portion of their identities. The single most essential part of every persona. Sometimes telling people can be beneficial because it gives people the chance to encourage you and provides a soft amount of accountability. A good deal of us are a little afraid to check in the mirror of their soul. Just laugh just like you think that it's a fantastic joke. There's no greater approach to do so than to write. Dutch individuals can be quite stubborn. You begin to reveal a feeling of commitment in changing how folks perceive life and the world. Therefore, folks act justly for selfish reasons, for instance, for a very good reputation. They also benefit from organizations during their quest for personal mastery. If nobody knows the way to write or read cursive handwriting, the shape of communication is going to be lost, some believe. The body should not contain at least two paragraphs. Focus on what sort of vocabularies will help them communicate well in school or company settings. An excellent keyboard (like the Microsoft Natural Ergonomic keyboard) is likewise a fantastic investment. Keep in mind, you're writing, which means you know you're good. Start researching, and begin writing!

Strategic and SWOT Analysis of British Airways Free Essays

Introduction: Strategic planning is the process that an organization undertakes to ascertain its mission and way forward. Strategic planning helps an organization provide a direction to implement and achieve its objectives both in the short and the long run. It is nevertheless very significant to comprehend and distinguish that every plan that is chalked out by the organization cannot be termed as strategic. We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic and SWOT Analysis of British Airways or any similar topic only for you Order Now For that reason it is very important that the strategic intent of an organization is entrenched on the actions and policies that will have a deep effect on future positively in an organization. Seeking out new markets customer attraction or the expansion of business operations are some pointers which an organization look forward to strategically. (Schneider and De Meyer, 1991) Mintzberg and Waters (1985) assert that in order to realize a strategy the initial phase of strategy formulation should be error free, otherwise the strategy would not be executed in a befitting manner. Therefore the strategy development process should follow a pre-designed path to achieve the objective. This can be illustrated in the following figure. As a result the strategy can be regarded as the behavior of a business. Like every behavior, a strategy is also influenced by factors that are interior and also exterior. The internal values of any organization are the controllable factors and the culture and capabilities of an organization determine the strategic course. In this era of globalization the resources which a particular organization have is not the only aspects influencing an organization strategy, it is also strongly influenced by external factors which is a significant factor in molding an organizations services and products and its eventual acceptance by the consumers. (Bourgeois, 1985) said that the main theory in strategic management is that a match amid environmental conditions and organizational capabilities and resources is of paramount importance to an organizations performance, and that a strategist’s job is to find or create this match. The types of plans are long, medium and short term plans to make th em work and effectively put into practice the organizational strategies Mintzberg et al (2005). These different plans are then used to line up all organizational activities for a positive way forward. (De wit et al, 2004). Another important element of strategic planning is to position the business in a way that it thrives for a longer period of time. The Strategic Planning Model is as follows: A brilliant strategic plan that is conceived in a realistic way might be ineffective for the reason that of ineffective implementation. This proper implementation relates to the internal capabilities of an organization that takes account of the resources, the workforce and other technical support to maximize the effectiveness of a strategy. In general it takes several years for an organization to make optimum use and benefit from a strategy. (Child, 1972). The reason being that economic conditions or the poor market conditions in a particular industry have a strong bearing on the success of a strategic approach. The organization chosen to study in the light of the resource based theory and its evaluation with regards to its strategic capabilities is ‘British Airways’. A brief intro of British Airways (BA), it is the flag carrier airline of the United Kingdom the largest airline in the UK based on fleet size, international flights and international destinations. British Airways was considered the largest UK airline by passenger numbers from its creation in 1974 until 2008, when it was displaced by low-cost rival Easy Jet. (History of British Airways, 2011). It is in the process of merging with Spanish airline Iberia. It is a member of the one world alliance together with Iberia, American Airlines and others. The strategic planning in the airline industry can range from the implementation of lean management programs to empowering employee to make the customer service better. In addition, the airline industry has witnessed the mergers and strategic alliances between airlines to strengthen their position in the market. The modern marketplace has also emphasized on the airlines being responsible to the community. This has surfaced up as a feature that can facilitate the organization to expand the competitive advantage. BA Strategy: The goal of British Airways is to present better-quality service to its customers, stakeholders and employees alike. The workforce of British Airways is a significant positive feature that strives to offer utmost advanced and pleasing service to its consumer. Their mission statement also retells their aim to achieve the status of the best airline universally. To be successful, the administration of British Airways has to show commitment to their business and believe in it more than anyone else. An essential facet of British Airways in conducting a thriving business is to correspond each and every portion of their business purpose to all the stakeholders. This stimulate them in order to get the superlative out them in view of the fact that information is authority and British Airways expand by empowering employees and other stakeholders so that they can counteract the danger of competitors. As stated in the annual report a good example is how British Airways makes sure that the departure is always on time. This is one of the foremost determinants of a good client services relationship management in the airline industry. (BA annual reports 08/09) Resource Based Theory: The Resource-based view of strategic management deals with resources and capabilities of an organization which allows the organization to make profits and a sustainable competitive advantage in the market it’s operating in. As explained by Capron et al, in the resource based theory the foremost source of competitive advantage is the firm and not the industry. (Capron et al, 1999) A firm’s competitive advantage is based on the firm’s resources in the form of assets and its inherent abilities to do better than its competitors. (Barney, 1991) The resource based theory view for British Airways competencies and resources are, with regards to resources, BS has a fleet of 200+ aircrafts over 500+ destinations worldwide (http://www.britishairways.com/travel/bafleet/public/en_gb),BA providing extra services such as Holidays and London eye name change.(http://travelwithkids.about.com/od/londonwithkids/ss/londonsightsee_7.htm). BA has the sole access to London Heathrow terminal 5 and also the image of BA counts as it a globally known brand and its long standing in the industry.(http://www.britishairways.com/travel/terminal-5-changes/public/en_gb?gsLink=searchResults) With regards to BA competencies in view of resource base theory, it has training schools for customer service and simulators and cabin members training. (http://www.bestaviation.net/school/british_airways_flying_club/ Also there comes the safety aspect as it fly and manage passengers in a safe manner in different destinations they operate in. It is recognized as a training centre by the City and Guilds, by qualifying all cabin crew with NVQ Level 2 and being the 1stUK airline to be granted such status. (http://press.ba.com/?p=334) THRESHOLDCA SWOT Analysis of British Airways: The strengths of BA are its brand image, alliances, its size and stability and its sole access to LHR terminal 5. The weakness are its reliability and trust aspect, laggards in terms of innovation and change and its employee management. The opportunities that BA has to grow more as a favored airline is its emergence in new markets, its quality system (SkyTrax) and competitors failing to deliver. The external threats with which BA is faced with are open skies agreement, its environmental awareness, global economic crises and lower cost competition by Ryan air, Easy Jet etc. (www.britishairways.com) PESTAnalysis of British Airways: Political: The BA has to comply with government heavy regulation to continue its operations. Due to war on terror the security has to beefed up with advanced measures so as to keep the consumers safe and confident in relation to their continued travel with BA as a preferred airline. Economic: The world going through severe crisis, so in order to manage fluently the BA should have cost cutting measures in place like reducing company travel to cover the loses also it is in a poor light with regards to the weak exchange rate of Pounds against Euro. The Oil prices are fluctuation which in turn affects BA operational cost and finally the crisis has reduced consumer spending to a large extent. (British Airways Corporate Responsibility Report) Social: The UK has an ageing population as stated in 21st century challenges, which gives BA the chance to tap in as older people has more time in hand to travel and for leisure. Technological: BA is investing in new technologies, its good from BA perspective as it must make sure that they remain updated to compete also they should beware of the strict new legislation with regards to environmental regulations. (British Airways, Technology, 2011) Environmental: BA takes care of environment seriously and in this regard as BA recognizes that in providing the economically and socially vital service of air transport they have an impact on planet and that is why in 1992 we became the first airline to report our environmental performance.(British Airways Environment, 2011) Legal: Good employee relations to avoid any legal wrangling and regulation of trade unions to avoid any strikes, also it has an open skies agreement. British Airways Business Performance since 2008: It says in the BA annual report 08/09 that BA is re-inventing the way it worked and the intent is to create a leaner organization with a culture based on performance and a culture through the flagship program i.e. Compete 2012. (BA annual report, 08/09, the way we run Business) Compete 2012 is a strategic initiative taken by BA through which it intends to achieve its vision of becoming the world’s leading global airline. This plan entails a 360 degree approach as in focusing in issues pertaining to the environment, relationships with suppliers and a new note and the BA tradition of supporting consumer friendly initiatives. The sponsorship in sporting events is a huge business with its existence globally. Events like Olympics and World Cup Football are the mega events that entice the organizations to align themselves with the event. British Airways has bagged the rights to be the official sponsor of the Summer Olympics to be held in Londonin 2012 as well as the Paralympics games. The airline is also entitled to use the logo of the London Olympics.(British Airways official carrier for London Olympic Games 6 February, 2008.) British Airways has also started a campaign known as Compete Me 2012 program. This program is instituted in conjunction with the London Olympics 2012. The underlying idea of initiating this program is to tell the audience about the way employees approach their work at British Airways. The very core of this program is to instill the spirit British Airways team have in pursuing a task. (BA Annual report 08/09) In the wake of independent auditors report with respect to the statement of the group and the company, it is to be seen that British airways failed to meet their financial target for the reason that of the unprecedented downturn in trading conditions. On the other hand, the move to Terminal 5 saw a step-change in BA operational performance and we achieved record-breaking punctuality and customer recommendation scores. Operating margin is the main way we measure our financial performance. BA in 2002 set the target of achieving a 10 per cent operating margin through the economic cycle and in 2007/08 and delivered this for the first time in its history. (BA Annual Report 08/09) Source: BA Annual Accounts Report 08/09 With respect to the operational bit of BA as mentioned before the move to Terminal 5 has delivered record-breaking levels of operational performance. Terminal 5 Ready to Go performance for 2008/09 averaged 46 per cent with a record high in March 2009 of 64 per cent. The ‘Ready to Go’ deals with how many of British Airways flights are all set for leaving at three minutes before the scheduled or planned departure time and spotlight on the feature of the departure procedure. As good performance at Heathrow drives good performance across the network, BA delivered its highest ever network-wide Ready to Go performance of 53 per cent. This translated into record levels of flights departing on time and within 15 minutes, as well as record levels of customer satisfaction with punctuality, as recorded by our GPM survey. (BA Annual Report 08/09) 2008/09 Source: BA Annual Accounts Report 08/09 With respect to Porter 5 forces after studying the annual report, BA competitive rivalry, is High, as in Long haul flights the distinction is minimal with regards to pricing and services and in short haul there are many players, BA power of suppliers, it is restricted by operational costs and a sole dependence on supplier for fuel, also as seen in the recent strikes the employees use trade unions to increase their bargaining power, which gives it a standing of High in this area. Power of Buyers, BA have little bargaining power and increased internet use by consumers have made them aware of the deals and situations, it is rated Medium.(BA Annual Report 08/09) The Threat of new entrants, the strength of BA is Low in this segment as, airline industry is a hard environment to break in as a new entity due to the costs associated with it. Also there are sufficient and strict barriers for exit which in reality kills the chance of any new entrant. The Threat to substitute is also Low, in view of the fact that it has very limited substitutes for long haul flights however for short haul flights there is a substitute available i.e. Ferry or Eurostar.(BA Annual Report 08/09) BA potential future strategy for the organization to grow its position in international and global markets: The study of BA various functions and practices as an organization from the strategic perspective it can be stated that British Airways prioritize its major functions, or in another words the resources that would help them to increase revenues are given due consideration, like the 2012 Olympics in London. Prioritization involves focusing on the particulars that really matters. For that reason it is crucial to prioritize things so that the company may not lose focus on issues that need urgent attention. For a business to be flourishing it is important that it must be able to decide what resource should be devoted and what not (Bailey and Johnson, 1995). The decision on what is important is key to prioritization. The planned stride of British Airways demonstrates a thriving position for the airline. British Airways has shown that their planning for the future is tactical and the marketing and management disciplines are intact accordingly. The alliance that British Airways has made is a strategic approach and the need of the moment. This will not only assist British Airways to curtail cost, it is also an excellent step to get hold of more customers. The planned objective in addition gives them the alternative to make the most of their assets in venture that would provide more benefits. London Olympics 2012 would give British Airways a chance to showcase their product to a larger audience. This strategy is an excellent platform that can reignite a new image of British Airways among the people. Furthermore as the business would increase during the Olympic Games, there is every likelihood for British Airways to increase the market share. However this should not be a strategy that might be pursued in the short run. The task might be intricate, but British Airways must try to convert the first time customers in to loyal customers.However for the aforementioned goal to achieve, British Airways will have to demonstrate dedication, preparation and implementation. Owing to the worldwide economic crisis unpredictable challenges tackle the airline industry. British Airways will also feel the pressures of the market forces. The alterations are the typical in airline industry that is very vulnerable to financial, regulatory, safety, environmental and extra exterior strains that are ahead of the entire control of management. The flourishing airlines will axis on well-situated basics when defining their upcoming groundwork. The catch is to be acquainted with what consumers require and how the airline can act in response to the recessionary situation. British Airways strategic initiative is a vital element in the idea of budding a business uniqueness of British Airways. This approach development all the plans that are executed from the viewpoint of all the stakeholders of the British Airways. They must make sure that all the employees channelize their effort for the identical objective, i.e. the productivity of the airline. On the other hand, this success is not only calculated in financial expressions. British Airways has revealed to the humanity that they are in addition paying attention to be extra answerable and contribute to the public in special ways. After considering each and every strategic plan started by British Airways, they have opted for motivating and significant actions. The present situation of British Airways gives a general idea of sound decision that adds to the airline’s approach formulation. The airline’s approach in addition facilitates to enlarge an outlook picture of the kind of strategic options that are or can be functional in prospect. How to cite Strategic and SWOT Analysis of British Airways, Essay examples

The Boys In The Band Essays - Films, The Boys In The Band

Jonathon McNeil The Boys In The Band Gay and Lesbian Literature 10/3/2013 In 1968, a shocking play by the name of The Boys in the Band, was published. The play opened the closeted door to the lifestyle of many gay men in the late 60s and early 70s. To many heterosexuals, The Boys in the Band, was an eye opening account of a community that was never represented in the past on stage. Mart Crowley wrote a play about gay men, however; the characters sexuality was not the central theme of the work. After Stonewall, there was a plethora of gay liberation. In most gay and lesbian literature of the time, the LGBTQ character typically suffered a sad ending to the book or play. Crowley deftly included this in the play when Michael says to Harold, Its not always like it happens in the plays, not all faggots bump themselves off at the end of the story. (70) In 1970, the off Broadway play was produced into a film. By examining the play and film, one can deduce that the film is a good adaptation of the play. While the story revolves around a birthday party for a character named Harold, the central character of the play is Michael. Michael wants to throw a great birthday party for Harlod, but his life is in shambles. Throughout the book and play, it becomes apparent that Michael is an unhappy dry drunk. This becomes apparent when Michael says to Donald, Its just that today I finally realized that I was raised to be a failure. I was groomed for it. (8) One of the central themes of, The Boys in the Band, is the excessive use of alcohol throughout the play. Actually the entire play is about the characters becoming inebriated. Michael is a recovering alcoholic but paradoxically he is hosting a birthday party when he is the bartender. This is displayed when Donald asks Michael where he is going and Michael replies, To make drinks! I think we need about thirty-seven. (9) Michael goes on to say how he is taking a sabbatical from drinking. Donald questions him about him seeking professional thera py for the issue. Michael says, He certainly had a lot to do with it. Mainly, I just didnt think I could survive another hangover, thats all. I dont think I could get through that morning-after ick attack. (18) It becomes apparent later on in the film that Michael relapses. Michael states, I am not drunk! You cannot tell that I am drunk! Donald! Im not drunk! Am I? (91) The film version does a very good adaptation of the plays representation of Michaels character. It also becomes very clear in the play and film that Michael is unhappy in other areas of his life as well. Michael feels torn because he is a very devote Catholic and cannot come to terms with his sexuality. Harold accuses Michael of hanging onto an insurance policy called The Church. Michael response is, Thats right. I believe in God, and if it turns out that there really isnt one, OK. Nothing lost. But if it turns out that there isIm covered. (64) Later on in the film Alan calls Michael out on his internal homophobia and says, You are a sad and pathetic man. Youre a homosexual and you dont want to be. But there is nothing you can do to change it. Not all your prayers to your God, not all the analysis you can buy in all the years youve got left to live. (108) Michael appears in both film and the play to be conflicted between his religion and his sexuality. An interesting gift that Michael gave Harold was a photograph of him in a silver frame with an inscription. When asked what it says by Bernard what it says, Harold replies, Just something personal. (74) The audience never learns the meaning of this very personal gift in neither the film or play. As Michael becomes more intoxicated, he becomes increasingly belligerent. He begins talking very vulgar to many of the party guests. He snaps and says to Bernard, Yall want to hear a little polite parlor jest from the liberal Deep South? Do you

Knowledge Essays (681 words) - Scientific Method, Free Essays

Knowledge Essays (681 words) - Scientific Method, Free Essays Knowledge is good for human being because I can use it to make anything to support my live better. However, knowledge is nothing to compare to imagination in human society. Imagination is used when I am curious about a problem, and I want to know and to understand how it happens. After I understand it, I put all its information into knowledge that can be easily understood for other people. If I put a condition or a rule into the imagination of a phenomenon, I have a hypothesis that guilds me understand the phenomenon deeply. A hypothesis is the first step to invest a phenomenon. A hypothesis helps me to focus on one path when I invest a phenomenon. During an investigation, I will discover many unexpected events that could distract my thoughts about my first goal, and I will waste more time. For example, my friend and I have a race to see who is first at home from our school, and he walks to home while I use a bike. The result is he wins. In my thoughts, walking cant be faster than a bike because I know the road well, so I want to know how he did it. I see three paths that are new roads in front of me when I walk to home, and I need to decide which path I go. On the chosen road, I see a walking path and a bike path, and there are many bikes to use if I chose bike path. If I use bike, I change the tool to go home from feet to bike, and it changes the purpose when I walk to home, so I keep walking. There is a new shortcut that is easy for walking to go straight to my house from the road, and it takes a long time if I use a bike. The hypothesis I make at the beginning is walk to home to see if its faster than a bike, and I prepared myself to have a solution for walking problems. Moreover, a hypothesis helps me to prepare many solutions if there is a problem in an investigation. To have a hypothesis in an investigation, I need to assume the problem behavior is similar to other problems I faced, so I can prepare better solutions. Back to the home walking example, I planned to walk home and chose one of three paths, so I need to make sure my safety because of the new path. During the time, I could observe the new environment to update my information. I guess my friend uses a shortcut to be faster than me, so I watch carefully around me and find one. That shortcut has a high rock wall that is hard to get through by a bike, but its easy for feet. If I dont have any hypothesis how my friend does it, I cant find the shortcut by observing everything on my path. In addition, a hypothesis helps an investor to have different views about a phenomenon. With different views, the investor can understand phenomenon more clearly and get a better picture about it. Back to my walking home example, I can see a shortcut easily because I assume there is one. However, if there isnt any shortcut, so I need to think any possible ways, such as the shortcut could be replaced by a very high wall or my friend goes through a house by back door. For each view, I need to examine to find an accepted solution how my friend can walk to home fast while I ride a bike. Indeed, a hypothesis gives an investor a first step of research, good preparations for investigations problems, and good views to understand a phenomenon deeply. A hypothesis could make a strange thought, but it could make an unexpected result that an investor tries to find. However, the investor needs to have a testable hypothesis rather than a fancy one. When the investor can prove his testable hypothesis, he has one step to get close to the phenomenons fact.

Pakistani Martyr Iqbal Masih

Pakistani Martyr Iqbal Masih The historical figure of importance, Iqbal Masih was a young Pakistani boy who was forced into bonded labor at age four. After being freed at age ten, Iqbal became an activist against bonded child labor. He became a martyr for his cause when he was murdered at age 12. Overview of Iqbal Masih Iqbal Masih was born in Muridke, a small, rural village outside of Lahore in Pakistan. Shortly after Iqbals birth, his father, Saif Masih, abandoned the family. Iqbals mother, Inayat, worked as a housecleaner but found it difficult to make enough money to feed all her children from her small income. Iqbal, too young to understand his familys problems, spent his time playing in the fields near his two-room house. While his mom was away at work, his older sisters took care of him. His life changed drastically when he was just four years old. In 1986, Iqbals older brother was to be married and the family needed money to pay for a celebration. For a very poor family in Pakistan, the only way to borrow money is to ask a local employer. These employers specialize in this kind of barter, where the employer loans a family money in exchange for the bonded labor of a small child. To pay for the wedding, Iqbals family borrowed 600 rupees (about $12) from a man who owned a carpet-weaving business. In return, Iqbal was required to work as a carpet weaver until the debt was paid off. Without being asked or consulted, Iqbal was sold into bondage by his family. Workers Fighting for Survival This system of peshgi (loans) is inherently inequitable; the employer has all the power. Iqbal was required to work an entire year without wages in order to learn the skills of a carpet weaver. During and after his apprenticeship, the cost of the food he ate and the tools he used were all added to the original loan. When and if he made mistakes, he was often fined, which also added to the loan. In addition to these costs, the loan grew ever larger because the employer added interest. Over the years, Iqbals family borrowed even more money from the employer, which was added to the amount of money Iqbal had to work off. The employer kept track of the loan total. It was not unusual for employers to pad the total, keeping the children in bondage for life. By the time Iqbal was ten years old, the loan had grown to 13,000 rupees (about $260). The conditions in which Iqbal worked were horrendous. Iqbal and the other bonded children were required to squat on a wooden bench and bend forward to tie millions of knots into carpets. The children were required to follow a specific pattern, choosing each thread and tying each knot carefully. The children were not allowed to speak to each other. If the children started to daydream, a guard might hit them or they might cut their own hands with the sharp tools they used to cut the thread. Iqbal worked six days a week, at least 14 hours a day. The room in which he worked was stifling hot because the windows could not be opened in order to protect the quality of the wool. Only two light bulbs dangled above the young children. If the children talked back, ran away, were homesick, or were physically sick, they were punished. Punishment included severe beatings, being chained to their loom, extended periods of isolation in a dark closet, and being hung upside down. Iqbal often did these things and received numerous punishments. For all this, Iqbal was paid 60 rupees (about 20 cents) a day after his apprenticeship had ended. The Bonded Labor Liberation Front   After working six years as a carpet weaver, Iqbal one day heard about a meeting of the Bonded Labor Liberation Front (BLLF) which was working to help children like Iqbal. After work, Iqbal snuck away to attend the meeting. At the meeting, Iqbal learned that the Pakistani government had outlawed peshgi in 1992. In addition, the government cancelled all outstanding loans to these employers. Shocked, Iqbal knew he wanted to be free. He talked to Eshan Ullah Khan, president of the BLLF, who helped him get the paperwork he needed to show his employer that he should be free. Not content to just be free himself, Iqbal worked to also get his fellow workers free. Once free, Iqbal was sent to a BLLF school in Lahore. Iqbal studied very hard, finishing four years of work in just two. At the school, Iqbals natural leadership skills became increasingly apparent and he became involved in demonstrations and meetings that fought against bonded child labor. He once pretended to be one of a factorys workers so that he could question the children about their work conditions. This was a very dangerous expedition, but the information he gathered helped close down the factory and free hundreds of children. Iqbal began speaking at BLLF meetings and then to international activists and journalists. He spoke about his own experiences as a  bonded child  laborer. He was not intimidated by crowds and spoke with such conviction that many took notice of him. Iqbals six years as a bonded child had affected him physically as well as mentally. The most noticeable thing about Iqbal was that he was an extremely small child, about half the size he should have been at his age. At age ten, he was less than four feet tall and weighed a mere 60 pounds. His body had stopped growing, which one doctor described as psychological dwarfism. Iqbal also suffered from kidney problems, a curved spine, bronchial infections, and arthritis. Many say that he shuffled his feet when he walked because of pain. In many ways, Iqbal was made into an adult when he was sent to work as a carpet weaver. But he was not really an adult. He lost his childhood, but not his youth. When he went to the U.S. to receive the Reebok Human Rights Award, Iqbal loved watching cartoons, especially Bugs Bunny. Once in a while, he also had a chance to play some computer games while in the U.S. A Life Cut Short Iqbals growing popularity and influence caused him to receive numerous death threats. Focused on helping other children become free, Iqbal ignored the letters. On Sunday, April 16, 1995, Iqbal spent the day visiting his family for Easter. After spending some time with his mother and siblings, he headed over to visit his uncle. Meeting up with two of his cousins, the three boys rode a bike to his uncles field to bring his uncle some dinner. On the way, the boys stumbled upon someone who shot at them with a shotgun. Iqbal died immediately. One of his cousins was shot in the arm; the other wasnt hit. How and why Iqbal was killed remains a mystery. The original story was that the boys stumbled upon a local farmer who was in a compromising position with a neighbors donkey. Frightened and perhaps high on drugs, the man shot at the boys, not intending to specifically kill Iqbal. Most people do not believe this story. Rather, they believe that leaders of the carpet industry disliked the influence Iqbal was having and ordered him murdered. As of yet, there is no proof that this was the case. On April 17, 1995, Iqbal was buried. There were approximately 800 mourners in attendance. *The problem of bonded child labor continues today. Millions of children, especially in Pakistan and India, work in factories to make carpets, mud bricks, beedis (cigarettes), jewelry, and clothing- all with similar horrific conditions as Iqbal experienced.

Oral Business Report Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Oral Business Report - Case Study Example It produces a variety of dairy consumer products which are divided into four categories, namely: milk, cheese, butter & spreads, and cream. (Devondale, not dated) Devondale has been very particular about the consumers' demand and satisfying it. It also keeps track of the trends in the market and consumers' lifestyles through efficient market research. These researches help Devondale in transforming consumers' requests into finished products that are profitable for the business. Significant proportion of Australia's population is working and it is not easy for working people to arrange full meals in a limited period of time. People are also much more aware and conscious about health and nutritious food. Devondale used these finding to its advantage and came up with a range of low-fat products that were very appealing to the Australian consumers. (Devondale, not dated) Devondale's promotion slogan says "Wholly Australian". These slogans have a certain psychological effect on the consumers as a lot of times people buy products on the basis of the country of origin. These four TV advertisements and a magazine advertisement are going to help us understand the kind of impression that Devondale has been able to create as a brand and how it has become a market leader. Devondale's long life cream ad shows the di